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Now, the swap cache is managed by the swap table. All swap cache users are checking the swap table directly to check the swap cache state. SWAP_HAS_CACHE is now just a temporary pin before the first increase from 0 to 1 of a slot's swap count (swap_dup_entries) after swap allocation (folio_alloc_swap), or before the final free of slots pinned by folio in swap cache (put_swap_folio). Drop these two usages. For the first dup, SWAP_HAS_CACHE pinning was hard to kill because it used to have multiple meanings, more than just "a slot is cached". We have just simplified that and defined that the first dup is always done with folio locked in swap cache (folio_dup_swap), so stop checking the SWAP_HAS_CACHE bit and just check the swap cache (swap table) directly, and add a WARN if a swap entry's count is being increased for the first time while the folio is not in swap cache. As for freeing, just let the swap cache free all swap entries of a folio that have a swap count of zero directly upon folio removal. We have also just cleaned up batch freeing to check the swap cache usage using the swap table: a slot with swap cache in the swap table will not be freed until its cache is gone, and no SWAP_HAS_CACHE bit is involved anymore. And besides, the removal of a folio and freeing of the slots are being done in the same critical section now, which should improve the performance. After these two changes, SWAP_HAS_CACHE no longer has any users. Swap cache synchronization is also done by the swap table directly, so using SWAP_HAS_CACHE to pin a slot before adding the cache is also no longer needed. Remove all related logic and helpers. swap_map is now only used for tracking the count, so all swap_map users can just read it directly, ignoring the swap_count helper, which was previously used to filter out the SWAP_HAS_CACHE bit. The idea of dropping SWAP_HAS_CACHE and using the swap table directly was initially from Chris's idea of merging all the metadata usage of all swaps into one place. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251220-swap-table-p2-v5-18-8862a265a033@tencent.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Suggested-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel) <rafael@kernel.org> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry.ahmed@linux.dev> Cc: Deepanshu Kartikey <kartikey406@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kairui Song <ryncsn@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. Quick Start ----------- * Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst * Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org * Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst * Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/ Essential Documentation ----------------------- All users should be familiar with: * Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/ Who Are You? ============ Find your role below: * New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development * Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture * Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis * Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels * System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting * Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches * Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware * Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros For Specific Users ================== New Kernel Developer -------------------- Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst Communication and Support ========================= * Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/ * IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net * Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/ * MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists * Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst