diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index c355a2f58eed..5d21c0e4edbd 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -693,6 +693,7 @@ ForEachMacros:
   - 'vkms_config_for_each_crtc'
   - 'vkms_config_for_each_encoder'
   - 'vkms_config_for_each_plane'
+  - 'vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc'
   - 'vkms_config_plane_for_each_possible_crtc'
   - 'while_for_each_ftrace_op'
   - 'xa_for_each'
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/tests/vkms_config_test.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/tests/vkms_config_test.c
index fa8b4f23cb49..600f563dd0a8 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/tests/vkms_config_test.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/tests/vkms_config_test.c
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ static void vkms_config_test_valid_plane_type(struct kunit *test)
 	struct vkms_config *config;
 	struct vkms_config_plane *plane_cfg;
 	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg;
 	int err;
 
 	config = vkms_config_default_create(false, false, false);
@@ -365,6 +366,9 @@ static void vkms_config_test_valid_plane_type(struct kunit *test)
 
 	/* Invalid: Second CRTC without primary plane */
 	crtc_cfg = vkms_config_create_crtc(config);
+	encoder_cfg = vkms_config_create_encoder(config);
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, vkms_config_is_valid(config));
 
 	/* Valid: Second CRTC with a primary plane */
@@ -442,11 +446,57 @@ static void vkms_config_test_invalid_encoder_number(struct kunit *test)
 	vkms_config_destroy(config);
 }
 
+static void vkms_config_test_valid_encoder_possible_crtcs(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct vkms_config *config;
+	struct vkms_config_plane *plane_cfg;
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg1, *crtc_cfg2;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg;
+	int err;
+
+	config = vkms_config_default_create(false, false, false);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, config);
+
+	crtc_cfg1 = get_first_crtc(config);
+
+	/* Invalid: Encoder without a possible CRTC */
+	encoder_cfg = vkms_config_create_encoder(config);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, vkms_config_is_valid(config));
+
+	/* Valid: Second CRTC with shared encoder */
+	crtc_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_crtc(config);
+
+	plane_cfg = vkms_config_create_plane(config);
+	vkms_config_plane_set_type(plane_cfg, DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
+	err = vkms_config_plane_attach_crtc(plane_cfg, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg1);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, vkms_config_is_valid(config));
+
+	/* Invalid: Second CRTC without encoders */
+	vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, vkms_config_is_valid(config));
+
+	/* Valid: First CRTC with 2 possible encoder */
+	vkms_config_destroy_plane(plane_cfg);
+	vkms_config_destroy_crtc(config, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, vkms_config_is_valid(config));
+
+	vkms_config_destroy(config);
+}
+
 static void vkms_config_test_attach_different_configs(struct kunit *test)
 {
 	struct vkms_config *config1, *config2;
 	struct vkms_config_plane *plane_cfg1, *plane_cfg2;
 	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg1, *crtc_cfg2;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg1, *encoder_cfg2;
 	int err;
 
 	config1 = vkms_config_create("test1");
@@ -457,20 +507,29 @@ static void vkms_config_test_attach_different_configs(struct kunit *test)
 
 	plane_cfg1 = vkms_config_create_plane(config1);
 	crtc_cfg1 = vkms_config_create_crtc(config1);
+	encoder_cfg1 = vkms_config_create_encoder(config1);
 
 	plane_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_plane(config2);
 	crtc_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_crtc(config2);
+	encoder_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_encoder(config2);
 
 	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, plane_cfg1);
 	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, plane_cfg2);
 	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, crtc_cfg1);
 	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, encoder_cfg1);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, encoder_cfg2);
 
 	err = vkms_config_plane_attach_crtc(plane_cfg1, crtc_cfg2);
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, err, 0);
 	err = vkms_config_plane_attach_crtc(plane_cfg2, crtc_cfg1);
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, err, 0);
 
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg1, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, err, 0);
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg2, crtc_cfg1);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, err, 0);
+
 	vkms_config_destroy(config1);
 	vkms_config_destroy(config2);
 }
@@ -600,6 +659,70 @@ static void vkms_config_test_plane_get_possible_crtcs(struct kunit *test)
 	vkms_config_destroy(config);
 }
 
+static void vkms_config_test_encoder_get_possible_crtcs(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct vkms_config *config;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg1, *encoder_cfg2;
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg1, *crtc_cfg2;
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *possible_crtc;
+	unsigned long idx = 0;
+	int n_crtcs = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	config = vkms_config_create("test");
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, config);
+
+	encoder_cfg1 = vkms_config_create_encoder(config);
+	encoder_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_encoder(config);
+	crtc_cfg1 = vkms_config_create_crtc(config);
+	crtc_cfg2 = vkms_config_create_crtc(config);
+
+	/* No possible CRTCs */
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg1, idx, possible_crtc)
+		KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg2, idx, possible_crtc)
+		KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+
+	/* Encoder 1 attached to CRTC 1 and 2 */
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg1, crtc_cfg1);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg1, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg1, idx, possible_crtc) {
+		n_crtcs++;
+		if (possible_crtc != crtc_cfg1 && possible_crtc != crtc_cfg2)
+			KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+	}
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, n_crtcs, 2);
+	n_crtcs = 0;
+
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg2, idx, possible_crtc)
+		KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+
+	/* Encoder 1 attached to CRTC 1 and encoder 2 to CRTC 2 */
+	vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc(encoder_cfg1, crtc_cfg2);
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg1, idx, possible_crtc) {
+		n_crtcs++;
+		if (possible_crtc != crtc_cfg1)
+			KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+	}
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, n_crtcs, 1);
+	n_crtcs = 0;
+
+	err = vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg2, crtc_cfg2);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg2, idx, possible_crtc) {
+		n_crtcs++;
+		if (possible_crtc != crtc_cfg2)
+			KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Unexpected possible CRTC");
+	}
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, n_crtcs, 1);
+
+	vkms_config_destroy(config);
+}
+
 static struct kunit_case vkms_config_test_cases[] = {
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_empty_config),
 	KUNIT_CASE_PARAM(vkms_config_test_default_config,
@@ -612,9 +735,11 @@ static struct kunit_case vkms_config_test_cases[] = {
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_valid_plane_possible_crtcs),
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_invalid_crtc_number),
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_invalid_encoder_number),
+	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_valid_encoder_possible_crtcs),
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_attach_different_configs),
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_plane_attach_crtc),
 	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_plane_get_possible_crtcs),
+	KUNIT_CASE(vkms_config_test_encoder_get_possible_crtcs),
 	{}
 };
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.c
index db8be054f6f4..17262a9c2567 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.c
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ struct vkms_config *vkms_config_default_create(bool enable_cursor,
 	if (IS_ERR(encoder_cfg))
 		goto err_alloc;
 
+	if (vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg))
+		goto err_alloc;
+
 	return config;
 
 err_alloc:
@@ -216,6 +219,42 @@ static bool valid_encoder_number(const struct vkms_config *config)
 	return true;
 }
 
+static bool valid_encoder_possible_crtcs(const struct vkms_config *config)
+{
+	struct drm_device *dev = config->dev ? &config->dev->drm : NULL;
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg;
+
+	vkms_config_for_each_encoder(config, encoder_cfg) {
+		if (xa_empty(&encoder_cfg->possible_crtcs)) {
+			drm_info(dev, "All encoders must have at least one possible CRTC\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	vkms_config_for_each_crtc(config, crtc_cfg) {
+		bool crtc_has_encoder = false;
+
+		vkms_config_for_each_encoder(config, encoder_cfg) {
+			struct vkms_config_crtc *possible_crtc;
+			unsigned long idx = 0;
+
+			vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg,
+								   idx, possible_crtc) {
+				if (possible_crtc == crtc_cfg)
+					crtc_has_encoder = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!crtc_has_encoder) {
+			drm_info(dev, "All CRTCs must have at least one possible encoder\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 bool vkms_config_is_valid(const struct vkms_config *config)
 {
 	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg;
@@ -237,6 +276,9 @@ bool vkms_config_is_valid(const struct vkms_config *config)
 			return false;
 	}
 
+	if (!valid_encoder_possible_crtcs(config))
+		return false;
+
 	return true;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(vkms_config_is_valid);
@@ -362,10 +404,14 @@ void vkms_config_destroy_crtc(struct vkms_config *config,
 			      struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg)
 {
 	struct vkms_config_plane *plane_cfg;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg;
 
 	vkms_config_for_each_plane(config, plane_cfg)
 		vkms_config_plane_detach_crtc(plane_cfg, crtc_cfg);
 
+	vkms_config_for_each_encoder(config, encoder_cfg)
+		vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc(encoder_cfg, crtc_cfg);
+
 	list_del(&crtc_cfg->link);
 	kfree(crtc_cfg);
 }
@@ -425,6 +471,8 @@ struct vkms_config_encoder *vkms_config_create_encoder(struct vkms_config *confi
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
 	encoder_cfg->config = config;
+	xa_init_flags(&encoder_cfg->possible_crtcs, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC);
+
 	list_add_tail(&encoder_cfg->link, &config->encoders);
 
 	return encoder_cfg;
@@ -434,7 +482,41 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(vkms_config_create_encoder);
 void vkms_config_destroy_encoder(struct vkms_config *config,
 				 struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg)
 {
+	xa_destroy(&encoder_cfg->possible_crtcs);
 	list_del(&encoder_cfg->link);
 	kfree(encoder_cfg);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(vkms_config_destroy_encoder);
+
+int __must_check vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg,
+						 struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg)
+{
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *possible_crtc;
+	unsigned long idx = 0;
+	u32 crtc_idx = 0;
+
+	if (encoder_cfg->config != crtc_cfg->config)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg, idx, possible_crtc) {
+		if (possible_crtc == crtc_cfg)
+			return -EEXIST;
+	}
+
+	return xa_alloc(&encoder_cfg->possible_crtcs, &crtc_idx, crtc_cfg,
+			xa_limit_32b, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc);
+
+void vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc(struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg,
+				     struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg)
+{
+	struct vkms_config_crtc *possible_crtc;
+	unsigned long idx = 0;
+
+	vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg, idx, possible_crtc) {
+		if (possible_crtc == crtc_cfg)
+			xa_erase(&encoder_cfg->possible_crtcs, idx);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.h
index 024cbed0e439..3e5b2e407378 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_config.h
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ struct vkms_config_crtc {
  *
  * @link: Link to the others encoders in vkms_config
  * @config: The vkms_config this CRTC belongs to
+ * @possible_crtcs: Array of CRTCs that can be used with this encoder
  * @encoder: Internal usage. This pointer should never be considered as valid.
  *           It can be used to store a temporary reference to a VKMS encoder
  *           during device creation. This pointer is not managed by the
@@ -85,6 +86,8 @@ struct vkms_config_encoder {
 	struct list_head link;
 	struct vkms_config *config;
 
+	struct xarray possible_crtcs;
+
 	/* Internal usage */
 	struct drm_encoder *encoder;
 };
@@ -123,6 +126,16 @@ struct vkms_config_encoder {
 #define vkms_config_plane_for_each_possible_crtc(plane_cfg, idx, possible_crtc) \
 	xa_for_each(&(plane_cfg)->possible_crtcs, idx, (possible_crtc))
 
+/**
+ * vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc - Iterate over the
+ * vkms_config_encoder possible CRTCs
+ * @encoder_cfg: &struct vkms_config_encoder pointer
+ * @idx: Index of the cursor
+ * @possible_crtc: &struct vkms_config_crtc pointer used as cursor
+ */
+#define vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg, idx, possible_crtc) \
+	xa_for_each(&(encoder_cfg)->possible_crtcs, idx, (possible_crtc))
+
 /**
  * vkms_config_create() - Create a new VKMS configuration
  * @dev_name: Name of the device
@@ -332,4 +345,20 @@ struct vkms_config_encoder *vkms_config_create_encoder(struct vkms_config *confi
 void vkms_config_destroy_encoder(struct vkms_config *config,
 				 struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg);
 
+/**
+ * vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc - Attach a encoder to a CRTC
+ * @encoder_cfg: Encoder to attach
+ * @crtc_cfg: CRTC to attach @encoder_cfg to
+ */
+int __must_check vkms_config_encoder_attach_crtc(struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg,
+						 struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg);
+
+/**
+ * vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc - Detach a encoder from a CRTC
+ * @encoder_cfg: Encoder to detach
+ * @crtc_cfg: CRTC to detach @encoder_cfg from
+ */
+void vkms_config_encoder_detach_crtc(struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg,
+				     struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg);
+
 #endif /* _VKMS_CONFIG_H_ */
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_output.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_output.c
index f63bc8e3014b..8920d6b5d105 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_output.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_output.c
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ int vkms_output_init(struct vkms_device *vkmsdev)
 {
 	struct drm_device *dev = &vkmsdev->drm;
 	struct vkms_connector *connector;
-	struct drm_encoder *encoder;
 	struct vkms_config_plane *plane_cfg;
 	struct vkms_config_crtc *crtc_cfg;
+	struct vkms_config_encoder *encoder_cfg;
 	int ret;
 	int writeback;
 
@@ -61,32 +61,41 @@ int vkms_output_init(struct vkms_device *vkmsdev)
 		}
 	}
 
+	vkms_config_for_each_encoder(vkmsdev->config, encoder_cfg) {
+		struct vkms_config_crtc *possible_crtc;
+		unsigned long idx = 0;
+
+		encoder_cfg->encoder = drmm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*encoder_cfg->encoder), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!encoder_cfg->encoder) {
+			DRM_ERROR("Failed to allocate encoder\n");
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		ret = drmm_encoder_init(dev, encoder_cfg->encoder, NULL,
+					DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL, NULL);
+		if (ret) {
+			DRM_ERROR("Failed to init encoder\n");
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		vkms_config_encoder_for_each_possible_crtc(encoder_cfg, idx, possible_crtc) {
+			encoder_cfg->encoder->possible_crtcs |=
+				drm_crtc_mask(&possible_crtc->crtc->crtc);
+		}
+	}
+
 	connector = vkms_connector_init(vkmsdev);
 	if (IS_ERR(connector)) {
 		DRM_ERROR("Failed to init connector\n");
 		return PTR_ERR(connector);
 	}
 
-	encoder = drmm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*encoder), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!encoder) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Failed to allocate encoder\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-	ret = drmm_encoder_init(dev, encoder, NULL,
-				DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL, NULL);
-	if (ret) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Failed to init encoder\n");
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	vkms_config_for_each_crtc(vkmsdev->config, crtc_cfg)
-		encoder->possible_crtcs = drm_crtc_mask(&crtc_cfg->crtc->crtc);
-
 	/* Attach the encoder and the connector */
-	ret = drm_connector_attach_encoder(&connector->base, encoder);
-	if (ret) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Failed to attach connector to encoder\n");
-		return ret;
+	vkms_config_for_each_encoder(vkmsdev->config, encoder_cfg) {
+		ret = drm_connector_attach_encoder(&connector->base, encoder_cfg->encoder);
+		if (ret) {
+			DRM_ERROR("Failed to attach connector to encoder\n");
+			return ret;
+		}
 	}
 
 	drm_mode_config_reset(dev);